Đáp án và giải thích

15. D

“… 1870 was also the year that football teams started to include a player whose role it was to guard the goal.” 

16. F 

“In 1874, referees were allowed to send players off if they committed certain offences, and also in that year teams started having to swap ends at half-time.”  

=> Two changes to the rules  

• “send players off if they committed certain offences”  

• “having to swap ends at half-time”  

17. B 

“In 1875, that tape was replaced with the solid crossbar that we’re familiar with today.”  

=> “that tape was replaced with the solid crossbar” = a change to the design  

18. H 

“1877 saw the founding of further new clubs and the history books tell us that in the same year all the clubs decided to set a limit of 90 minutes for each match”  

=> “all the clubs decided” = an agreement  

“set a limit of 90 minutes for each match” = the length of a game 

 19. C 

“By 1878, the number of teams in the Football League increased again. In addition, referees started using whistles and electric lamps were installed on certain pitches. This was a significant change, as games could then be played in the evenings all year round.”  

=> “electric lamps were installed” = the first use of lights  

20. G 

“In 1880, clubs began to charge fans for admission to games, even though players were still amateurs and had other proper jobs.”   

​=> “charge fans for admission to games” = a fee for spectators 

Đáp án và giải thích

Dạng bài tập:  

• Questions 31-40: Note completion (ONE WORD ONLY) 

31. rats 

- Thông tin cần nghe:

The importance of birds of prey to the local communities 

● They destroy 31______________ and other rodents.  

=> Cần 1 danh từ số nhiều (trước “and other rodents”) 

- Thông tin trong bài:

“Now most of the people living in the local communities near to the bird sanctuary are small-scale farmers and these birds of prey provide important social and ecological benefits to them. For example, a lot of damage can be caused to farmers’ crops by rodents, such as rats, which would consume the crops as they grow in the fields, as well as after harvesting if they weren’t hunted and killed by the birds.”  

• “these birds of prey provide important social and ecological benefits” = The importance of birds of prey to the local communities 

32. snakes 

- Thông tin cần nghe:

● They help to prevent farmers from being bitten by 32______________ 

=> Cần 1 danh từ số nhiều   

- Thông tin trong bài:

“And the predatory habits of these birds also protect farmers in other ways.  For example, a major danger to rural workers is snakes, whose bite may be dangerous or even fatal.”  

• “prevent farmers” = protect farmers   

33. tourism

- Thông tin cần nghe:

● They now support the economy by encouraging 33______________ in the area. 

=>  Cần 1 danh từ 

- Thông tin trong bài:

“However, more recently, the sanctuary and its birds have also become increasingly important to the community in economic terms, because at present, after a relatively slow start, tourism has become an important source of revenue for them.” 

• “more recently” = now  

• “increasingly important to the community in economic terms” = support the economy  
• “tourism has become an important source of revenue” => encouraging tourism

34. traffic

- Thông tin cần nghe:

Falling numbers of birds of prey 

● The birds may be accidentally killed 

○ by 34______________ when they are hunting or sleeping 

=> Cần 1 danh từ  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“However, although these birds of prey are protected by the government, their numbers are falling. Some of these deaths are accidental. Fatalities occur when birds alight on roads to catch and eat their prey, and are hit by fast moving traffic. Drivers in Zambia have to take special care at night, as birds may regard the quieter roads as safe places to sleep.”  

• “deaths are accidental” = accidentally killed 

• “Fatalities occur when birds alight on roads to catch and eat their prey, and are hit by fast moving traffic.”  

=> Traffic là nguyên nhân khiến chim bị chết khi đang săn mồi  

• “Drivers in Zambia have to take special care at night, as birds may regard the quieter roads as safe places to sleep.” - Các tài xế ở Zambia phải đặc biệt cẩn thận vào ban đêm, vì chim có thể coi những con đường vắng vẻ là nơi an toàn để ngủ.  

=> Traffic cũng là nguyên nhân khiến chim bị chết khi đang ngủ trên đường.

35. rain

- Thông tin cần nghe:

The birds may be accidentally killed 

○ by electrocution from contact with power lines, especially at times when there is a lot of 35 ______________  

=> Cần 1 danh từ số nhiều/ không đếm được  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“Accidental deaths may also occur if these birds fly close to high power lines as they may be electrocuted This is a particular danger in the heavy rain which can occur in the region in the months from December to April”  

• “fly close to high power lines” = contact with power lines  
• “heavy rain” = a lot of rain  

36. poison 

- Thông tin cần nghe:

• Local farmers may illegally shoot them or 36______________ them.  

=> Cần 1 động từ nguyên thể   

- Thông tin trong bài:

“As well as growing crops, small-scale farmers in the area also rear chickens. These provide food for the farmers’ families, as well as being an important source of income. But they’re also an easy target for birds of prey, and so farmers may shoot these birds, which is illegal but understandable, or they may poison the birds, which again is illegal and can have negative effects on the ecosystem”   

• “farmers may shoot these birds, which is illegal” = Local farmers may illegally shoot them  
• “they may poison the birds, which again is illegal” = or poison them  

37. building

- Thông tin cần nghe:

Ways of protecting chickens from birds of prey 

• providing a 37______________ for chickens (expensive) 

=> Cần 1 danh từ số ít  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“Another possibility would be to prevent the chickens from going outside at all and to keep them safe from predators inside a building, but this would cost far too much to be a practical solution.” 

• “keep them safe from predators inside a building” = providing a building for chickens 

• “cost far too much” = expensive  

38. dog

- Thông tin cần nghe:

● frightening birds of prey by 

○ keeping a 38______________ 

=> Cần 1 danh từ số ít  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“Nearly all the farmers reported that they spent a lot of time and effort trying to frighten off the birds of prey without actually harming them. Most of the farmers had at least one dog and said this was a big help at scaring away the predators.”  

• “had at least one dog … a big help at scaring away the predators” = frightening birds of prey by keeping a dog 

39. noise

- Thông tin cần nghe:

○ making a 39______________ - e.g. with metal objects  

=> Cần 1 danh từ số ít  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“Some of the farmers also reported that during the breeding season, when the chickens were particularly vulnerable, they encouraged their children to watch over the chickens and to hit pans with a metal spoon so that the resulting noise would succeed in driving away birds that were trying to seize the young chicks.”  

• “a metal spoon” = metal objects  

• “hit pans with a metal spoon so that the resulting noise” = making a noise with metal objects 

40. combination

- Thông tin cần nghe:

• A 40______________ of methods is usually most effective. 

=> Cần 1 danh từ số ít/ không đếm được  

- Thông tin trong bài:

“None of these methods was 100% effective so as a result the village people told us that rather than just using one method, they were forced to use a combination for them to have any effect.”  

• “use a combination for them to have any effect” = A combination of methods is usually most effective.